Due to their non-polar structure, oils are generally not soluble in water with a polar structure. In fact, when oil is added to water, it forms a separate phase on top of the water, so they are called immiscible.
When the mixture of oil and water is shaken vigorously, the two liquids will disperse into one another, and an emulsion is formed. Such an emulsion, however, is unstable and changes into two phases in a short time.
Due to their application in industries, such as metalworking or textiles, some industrial oils need to be dissolved in water and used in the form of emulsion. Due to the high surface tension between oil and water, Stable emulsion of these two liquids is difficult to form.
With their proper structure, emulsifiers reduce the surface tension between oil and water and make the emulsion stable.
Khonak Kar Sepahan production unit has produced two types of emulsifier, which can be applied in metalworking fluids and textile oils: